A Comparative Analysis of Freedom of Expression in the Holy Qur'an and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Abstract

Today, the role and presence of free and responsible media in shaping individual thought, collective wisdom, and the culture of nations—as well as in the rise and decline of political and economic powers—are widely recognized and considered undeniable. Freedom of expression and freedom of the media are among the essential and indispensable requirements of both traditional and modern societies and are universally acknowledged as fundamental human rights. In recognition of this vital necessity, the Holy Qur'an affirms freedom of expression in numerous verses, through various forms and contexts, as one of the inherent rights of human beings. Likewise, freedom of expression is recognized as a fundamental human right in all major international instruments and conventions, particularly in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. According to both the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam, no individual may be deprived of this inherent and legally recognized right. Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights obligate all states and individuals to respect and protect the right to freedom of expression. Nevertheless, both the Holy Qur'an and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights recognize certain limitations

on this right. In specific circumstances, freedom of expression may be restricted in order to safeguard public interests, social morality, national security, and other legitimate considerations.